Ultimate Blogging Championship

Author: shivamlohiya

  • Summary of Patol Babu, Film Star Class 10th English Chapter 5.

    SUMMARY

    This story depicts the dreams and aspirations of
    small timers and the apathy of film people for whom making films is a business. Patol Babu was a middle-aged man of about fifty years with a bald head. His neighbour Nishikanta Ghosh informed him that his brother-in-law Naresh Dutt, a film producer, was looking around for an actor for a scene in a film, with looks like that of Patol Babu. Patol Babu was so excited to hear this news that in his excitement, he made the wrong purchases in the vegetable market. Patol Babu remembered fondly that he always had a great passion for the stage and in his youth he had acted in many ‘Jatras’. Indeed there was a time when people bought tickets especially to see him.
    It was in the year 1934, when he lived in
    Kanchrapara and worked as a clerk with Hudson and
    Kimberley. He had thought of floating his own theatrical club but he lost his job. Ever since Patol Babu had to struggle a lot to make a living. He worked in a Bengali film, worked as an insurance salesman but nothing lasted.
    He paid regular visits to various offices for jobs but nothing worked. He still remembered some of the dialogues of the plays he had acted in.
    A new offer to work in films sparked his interest.
    Naresh Dutt duly arrived and told Patol Babu to report at Faraday House, next morning. On enquiry, Naresh Dutt told Patol Babu that it was a speaking role and he had to play an absent-minded pedestrian. Patol Babu was
    extremely happy and confided to his wife that he was aware that it wasn’t a big role, but one rose from small roles only and this might prove to be the beginning of a great career. His wife expressed her reservation but Patol Babu was in no mood to listen.
    Next morning, Patol Babu reported on time at
    Faraday Building. He saw a big crowd with instruments and cameras being shifted here and there. He was
    instructed by Naresh Dutt to wait for his turn. Patol Babu was quite nervous since he had no idea about his dialogues and he didn’t want to make a spectacle of him self in front of the lead actors. In the meantime, the shooting of the movie started and one scene was shot. Patol Babu couldn’t wait any longer. He went to Naresh Dutt and asked for his dialogues. On glancing at the paper, Patol Babu was really depressed, since he was required to speak just one word ‘Oh!’ Patol Babu was supposed to act like an absentminded pedestrian and collide with the lead actor, Chanchal Kumar, utter ‘Oh’ and resume walking. He was instructed to go and wait on one side. Patol Babu felt humiliated and let down. He felt the entire Sunday was lost in false anticipation of a good role. A faint memory stirred his mind. He remembered his mentor, Gagon
    Pakrashi’s advice that as an artist one must make the most of one’s opportunity, whatever it might be. This thought drove away his depression and he started rehearsing all kinds of exclamations ‘Oh’s’ that could be given at different occasions.
    Finally Patol Babu was called after an hour. Patol Babu suggested to the director that the scene would look more realistic, if the collision took place, while he had his eyes on the newspaper. A newspaper was immediately arranged. The director suggested that a moustache on Patol Babu would really look more interesting. A moustache was stuck on his face. During the shot, Patol Babu packed in his best effort mixing 25 parts of anguish and 25 parts of surprise, in a single ‘‘Oh!’’ Everyone around praised Patol Babu’s acting skills and he went back satisfied near the paan shop. Patol Babu was tremendously pleased and felt that his acting skills were not blurred even after so many years. But now he felt dejected because there was no one who had appreciated his dedication. For the film-people it was a moment’s work and next minute they had promptly forgotten about that. He knew he would be paid, it would be a very small amount and he did need money very badly.
    But could twenty rupees measure against the intense satisfaction of doing a job perfectly. Ten minutes later Naresh Dutt was surprised to find Patol Babu missing, without collecting his remuneration. Next minute, all that was forgotten and the camera started rolling for another shot.

    Content’s

  • SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 MARKS) of Democracy in the Contemporary World Class 9th Social Science Civics

    Q.1. Who was Allende? [Important]
    Ans. Allende was the founder leader of the Socialist Party of Chile, a country in South America.
    He led the Popular Unity Coalition to victory in 1970 and became the President of Chile. As
    President he took several policy decisions to help the poor and the workers.

    Q.2. Why did the workers of Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk go on strike in 1980?
    Ans.    The workers the Lenin Shipyard in the city of Gdansk went on a strike on 14 Aug 1980. The
    factory was owned by the government. The workers went on a strike demanding the factory
    to take back a crane operator, a woman worker, who was unjustly dismissed from the service.
    Q.3. What was the position that Nkrumah enjoyed in Ghana after its independence?
    Ans.    Ghana became independent in 1957. After independence Nkrumah became the first Prime
    Minister and than the President of Ghana. He was an inspiration for democrats in Africa, but
    he got himself elected President for life. Soon after in 1966, he was overthrown by the military.
    Q.4. What role does General Assembly play in the UN?
    Ans.    General Assembly is like the Parliament of UN where all the discussions take place. In that
    sense, the UN would appear to be a very democratic organisation. But the General Assembly
    cannot take any decision about what action should be taken in a conflict between countries.
    Q.5. State how Security Council helps in making the UN a democratic body.
    Ans.    The Security Council has 15 members – 5 permanent and 10 non-permanent members. This
    15 member Security Council of the the UN takes crucial decisions. However, the real power
    is with the five permanent members; and they possess the veto power. So, Security Council
    doesn’t help much in making the UN a democratic body.
    Q.6. Give one example to prove that the global institution, IMF, fails to pass the simple test
    of democracy that is used for national governments.
    Ans.    International Monetary Fund (IMF) is one of the biggest moneylenders in the world. But its
    173 member states do not have equal voting rights as the vote of each country is weighed by
    how much money it has contributed to the IMF. Nearly half of the voting power in the IMF
    is in the hands of only seven countries (US, Japan, France, UK, Saudi Arabia, China and
    Russia).
    Q.7. Should a democratic country wage a war and invade other countries for establishing
    democracy there? Give your opinion stating at least one example. [Important]
    Ans.    In my opinion, the democratic countries do not have any right to wage a war in order to
    establish democracy in non-democratic countries. The attack of US on Iraq, blaming it for
    possessing the weapons of mass destruction, was more because of its own ambition than
    establishment of democracy there. Moreover, unless people of a nation are themselves actively
    engaged in a struggle to make their society democratic, external help will be hardly of any help.
    Q.8. The functioning of UN Security Council is undemocratic. Justify the statement by giving
    three suitable examples? [2010 (T-1)]
    Ans.    (i) The real power is with the five permanent members.
    (ii) These members have veto power.
    (iii)Security council cannot take a decision if these permanent members say    No to it.
    Q.9. What policies were adopted by Salvador Allende after his election as President of Chile
    in 1970? Assess any three reforms. [2010 (T-1)]
    Ans.    (i) Reform of the educational system.
    (ii) Free milk for children.
    (iii)Redistribution of land to the landless farmers.
    Q.10. ‘International Monetary Fund is not truely democratic institution.’ Justify this statement
    with three examples. [2010 (T-1)]
    Ans.    (i) IMF’s 173 member states do not have equal voting rights.
    (ii) The vote of each country is weighed by how much money it has contributed to the IMF.
    (iii)Nearly half of the voting power is in the hands of only seven countries.
    Q.11. Explain any three contributions of UN as a government of the world. [2010 (T-1)]
    Ans.    (i) It is a global association of nations of the world to help in international law security
    economic development and social equity.
    (ii) It maintains peace and security among countries, it can put together on International Army.
    (iii) It can take action against the wrong doer.
    Q.12. Who was elected as President of Chile in 1970? What steps did he take to help the poor?
    [2010 (T-1)]
    Ans.    Salvador Allende was elected president of Chile in 1970. (i) He reformed education system;
    (ii) He provide free milk for children; and (iii) He arranged redistribution of land to the
    landless farmers.
    Q.13. ‘The disintegration of the Soviet Union accelerated the process of expansion of
    democracy.’ Give reasons. [2010 (T-1)]
    Ans.    Disintergration of the Soviet Union accelerated the process of democracy :
    (i) As it controlled many of its neighbouring communist countries in Eastern Europe.
    (ii) Countries controlled by it became democracies.
    (iii) Soviet Union comprised 15 Republics. They all emerged as independent countries, most
    of them as decomracies.

    Q.14. How was democracy re-established in Poland? [2010 (T-1)]
    Ans. Lech Walesa – an electrician, joined the strikers (workers of Lenin Shipyard). He became
    popular. The government agreed to the workers, demand. An independent trade union was

    formed. Soon it had one crore members. The government tried to put it down. Another wave
    of strike followed. This time it resulted in an agreement in 1989 for free elections. Walesa was
    elected President of Poland.
    Q.15. Give any three features of democracy. [2010 (T-1)]
    Ans.    (i) Allende’s democratic government preferred government control on big industries and
    economy.
    (ii) Walesa wanted the market to be free of government interference.
    (iii) Michelle stands somewhere in the middle.

    Q.16. Who was Lech Walesa? How did he become famous in Poland? [2010 (T-1)]
    Ans. Lech Walesa was a former electrician of the Lenin Shipyard. He joined and then led the
    striking workers. He signed a 21 point agreement with the government that ended the strike.
    A new trade union called Solidarity was formed.
    General Jaruzeleski imposed martial law. Another wave of strike follwed in April 1989. Free
    election were held. Solidarity won 99 out of 100 seats. Walesa was elected President of
    Poland.

    Q.17. Who was Salvador Allende? Why was his policy opposed by the aristocrats?
    [2010 (T-1)]
    Ans.    Salvador Allende was the President of Chile. The landlords, the rich and the church opposed
    his reforms and policies.

    Q.18. How did Solidarity come to power in Poland? [2010 (T-1)]
    Ans. On 11 September 1973 the military took over the seaport. The Defence Minister was arrested
    by the military. Allende was asked to resign. He addressed the nation on the radio. It was his
    last speech. He died in a military attack on the president’s house.

     

  • Multiple Choice Questions [Solved] [1 Marks] of Democracy in the Contemporary World Class 9th Social Science Civics

    MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS [1 MARK]

     “Workers of my homeland! I have faith in Chile and its future ……  It  will  be  a  moral lesson  to  castigate  felony,  cowardice,  and  treason.”  Who said this?                [Important]

    • General Augusto Pinochet (b) General  Alberto Bachelet

    (c)  Salvador Allende                                     (d)  Michelle Bachelet

    Ans. (c)

     When  did  the  military  coup  take  place  in Chile?

    • 12 1973 (b)  11 Sept. 1973       (c)  11 Sept. 1974        (d)  None of the above

    Ans. (b)

     Who  led  the  military  coup  in Chile  in 1973?

    • General Alberto Bachelet (b)   Michelle Bachelet

    (c)  General Augusto Pinochet                             (d)    Salvador Allende

    Ans. (c)

     What  is  a referendum?                                                                                      [Important]

    • A vote of  all the people  on  an important  national  issue
    • A vote  of  educated population
    • A vote  of men only                                (d)  None  of  the above

    Ans. (a)

     

     

         Who  was  elected as  President  of  Chile  in Jan. 2006?

    • Michelle Bachelet (b)  General Bachelet

    (c)  General  Pinochet                                      (d)  None  of  the above

    Ans. (a)

         Which  party  ruled  in  Poland  in 1980?

    • Polish Workers Party                               (b)  Polish Party

    (c)   Polish  United Workers’ Party                  (d)  None  of  the above

    Ans. (c)

         The  workers  of Lenin Shipyard  in the  city  of Gdansk  went  on a strike    on

    • 14 Aug 1980 (b)  15 Aug 1980         (c)  14 Sept 1980        (d)  None of the above

    Ans. (a)

         Who  was  the  leader  of  the  Solidarity  Movement  in Poland?

    • Pinochet (b) Lech Walesa         (c) Jaruzelski               (d)  None of the above

    Ans. (b)

         The  three  governments  of  Allende’s  Chile,  Walesa’s  Poland  and  Michelle’s  Chile  had a

    • Democratic form of  government            (b)  Martial law

    (c)   Communist  form of  government            (d)  All  the above

    Ans. (a)

             Which  Revolution  inspired  many  struggles  for  democracy  all  over Europe?

    [Important]

    • Russian Revolution (b)  American  Revolution

    (c)  French  Revolution                                     (d) Both (a) and   (b)

    Ans. (c)

            When  did  the  British  colonies  in  America  declare  themselves independent?

    (a)  1774 A.D.             (b) 1776 A.D.             (c) 1778 A.D.              (d)  1780 A.D.

    Ans. (b)

             What  is  meant  by  Universal  Adult Franchise?

    • Right to  vote  to property owners            (b)  Right  to  vote  to women

    (c)  Right  to vote  to  all adults                       (d) Right  to vote to   blacks

    Ans. (c)

             When  did  Ghana  become  independent  and  from  whom?

    • 1956, Dutch (b) 1957, France         (c) 1957, Britain         (d) 1958,  Germany

    Ans. (c)

             After Independence, who became the first Prime Minister and then the President of Ghana?

    • Patrice Lumamba (b) Jomo  Kenyatta     (c) Sam Nujoma         (d)  Kwame Nkrumah

    Ans. (b)

             By  2005,  about  how  many  countries  were  holding  multi-party  elections  in  the world?

    (a)  160                        (b) 240                        (c) 140                        (d) 260

    Ans. (c)

             When did Myanmar attain independence and what  type of government did it adopt?

    • 1946, communist (b)  1948, democracy

    (c)  1947, democracy                                     (d) 1948,  dictatorship

    Ans. (b)

     

     

             Which  award  has  been won by  Suu Kyi?                                                         [Important]

    • Literary Award (b) Oscar Award         (c) Nobel  Peace Prize   (d) None of the  above

    Ans. (c)

             Who  is  the  Chief  Administrative  Officer  of  the U.N.?

    • General Secretary   (b) Secretary  General   (c) Security General            (d) General

    Ans. (b)

             Which organ of the U.N. is responsible for maintaining peace and security among the countries?

    • General Assembly (b)  Security Council

    (c)  International  Court of Justice                  (d)  All  the above

    Ans. (b)

             Name  the  body  of  the  U.N.  which  acts  like  a Parliament.

    • General Assembly (b)  Security Council

    (c)  International  Court of Justice                  (d)  Social  and  Economic Council

    Ans. (a)

             How  many  members  does  the  Security  Council  consist  of ?

    (a)  5                            (b) 10                          (c) 15                          (d) 20

    Ans. (c)

             Name  the  five  permanent  members  of  the  Security  Council.                       [Important]

    • US, Germany,  France, China, Italy         (b) US,  Britain, Germany,  Italy,  France

    (c)  US,  France,  Switzerland, China, Russia  (d) US,  France, Britain,  Russia, China

    Ans. (d)

             Which  country  contributes  most  of  the  money  to U.N.?

    • K. (b) France                   (c) U.S.A.                    (d) China

    Ans. (c)

             The  President  of  the  World  Bank  has  always  been from

    • K. (b) U.S.A.                   (c) France                    (d) Russia

    Ans. (b)

             Who  was Wolfowitz?

    • President of S.A. (b)  President  of IMF

    (c)  President  of  World Bank                        (d)  President  of UNESCO

    Ans. (c)

             Which  party  ruled  Iraq  since 1968?

    • Baa’th Party (b)  Socialist  Baa’th Party

    (c)  Arab  Socialist Baa’th Party                      (d)  None  of  the above

    Ans. (c)

             In which year did Saddam Hussein become the President of Iraq? Which type of government  did  he  set up?

    • 1969, dictatorial government (b)  1970,  democratic government

    (c)  1979,  communist  government                 (d)  1979,  dictatorial government

     

     

     

             What  is  the  territory  under  the  immediate  political  control  of  another  state called?

    • Communist state                                       (b) Colony

    (c)  Democratic  state                                      (d)  None  of  the above

    Ans. (b)

             Which  one  of the  following  does  not  lead  to  the  spread  of democracy?

    • Struggle by the people                             (b)  End  of colonialism

    (c)   People’s  desire for  freedom                   (d)  Invasion  by  foreign countries

    Ans. (d)

             Use one of the following statements to complete the sentence : Democracy in the international  organisations  requires  that  …                                                                  [V.  Important]

    • the rich countries  should  have a  greater
    • countries should have a  say according to their  military
    • countries should  be treated with  respect  in  proportion to their
    • all countries  should  be  treated

    Ans. (d)

    31.   Which  one  of  the  following  situations is democratic?                              [2010 (T-1)]

    • General Pinochet, an Army General of Chile, led a coup and became the President of the
    • In China, always the Communist  Party only  wins  in elections  and forms  the
    • The government led by Jaruzelski in Poland, imposed martial law and imprisoned thousands of Solidarity members  who  took  part in
    • The African National Congress of South Africa drew up a constitution which gave most extensive rights  to  its

    Ans. (d)

    32.   Which  one  of  the  following  statements is incorrect?                                [2010 (T-1)]

    • America became  independent  from  British  rule  in 1776
    • They adopted a democratic  constitution in  1787
    • Many countries in Europe gave right  to vote  to only  propertied    people
    • In United States of America all the citizens including Blacks were given right to vote from the

    Ans. (d)

    33.   Which one of the following countries is not a permanent member of UN Security  Council?                                                                                                                         [2010 (T-1)]

    • China (b) France                   (c) Japan                     (d) Russia

    Ans. (c)

    34.   How  many  member  states  are  there  in  the  International  Monetary  Fund?  [2010 (T-1)]

    (a)  173                        (b) 192                        (c) 200                        (d) 190

     

     

     

    35.   Which country among the following was the only  country  by 1900,  where  every citizen  had  voting  right?                                                                                           [2010 (T-1)]

    • Australia (b) New Zealand        (c) Poland                    (d) USA

    Ans. (b)

    36.   Which country supported and controlled the autocratic government in Poland?[2010   (T-1)]

    • USA (b) China                    (c) Russia                    (d) UK

    Ans. (c)

    37.   What  is the  total number  of members  in the  UN    General Assembly?   [2010 (T-1)]

    (a)  200                        (b) 190                        (c) 193                        (d) 205

    Ans. (c)

    38.   Who  among  the  following  in UN  has  always  been a citizen of the    US ?         [2010 (T-1)]

    • Treasury Secretary (b)  President  of  the  World Bank

    (c)  Finance Secretary                                     (d)  Secretary General

    Ans.   (b)

    39.   Which  of  the  following  countries  was  the  first  to  give  universal  adult suffrage?

    [2010 (T-1)]

    • New Zealand (b) Britain                   (c) India                      (d) USA

    Ans. (a)

    40.   Soviet  Union  broke  in the year:                                                                   [2010 (T-1)]

    (a)  1930                      (b) 1900                      (c) 1991                      (d) 2001

    Ans. (c)

    41.   Which of the  following  does not  lead  to the  spread    of democracy?      [2010 (T-1)]

    • Struggle by people (b)  Invasion  by  foreign country

    (c)  End  of  colonialism                                  (d)  People’s  desire  for  freedom

    Ans. (b)

    42.   Who  was  the  leader  of  Solidarity  Movement in Poland?                         [2010 (T-1)]

    • Michelle Bachelete (b) Salvador Allende                                    (c) Lech Walesa          (d) Pinochet

    Ans. (c)

    43.   Why  was  International  Monetary  Fund  established?                               [2010 (T-1)]

    • To maintain  peace and security among  the   countries
    • Lends money  to  governments  of  member  nations  when  in  need
    • To implement  and  formulate  trade agreements
    • To take  decision  regarding misery  and poverty of  western  countries

    Ans. (b)

    44.   Which organ of the United Nations is responsible for maintaining peace  and  security  among  countries?                                                                                           [2010 (T-1)]

    • UN Security Council (b) International  Monetary Fund

    (c)  World  Bank                                              (d)  General Assembly

     

     

     

    45.  In  Myanmar,  Aung  San Suu  Kyi led :                                                        [2010 (T-1)]

    • National Congress (b)  United  Workers Party

    (c)  Communist Party                                     (d) The  National  League  for Democracy

    Ans. (d)

    46.  First  Prime  Minister  of  Ghana was :                                                          [2010 (T-1)]

    • Augusto Pinochet (b) Nkrumah               (c) General Bachelet  (d) Allende

    Ans. (b)

    47.  Strike  the  odd  one out :                                                                                [2010 (T-1)]

    • General Assembly (b) International  Court  of Justice

    (c)  Security Council                                      (d) Veto

    Ans. (d)

    48.  Choose  the  correct  meaning  of  the  term ‘‘Veto’’ :                                     [2010 (T-1)]

    • It means  to pass  a  decision  by majority
    • It means to pass a decision by two-third     majority
    • It means  to stop  a  decision  by a  single member
    • It means  to adopt  a  decision  by a  single member

    Ans. (c)

    49.  How  many  members  countries  are  there  in  Security  Council of UN?  [2010 (T-1)]

    (a)  25                          (b) 20                          (c) 15                          (d) 10

    Ans. (c)

    50.  Which of the following international institution direct asks the concerned government to show all its accounts and directs it to make change in its economic policy?  Choose the correct answer :                                                                                             [2010 (T-1)]

    • The General Assembly (b)  The  Economic  and  Social Council

    (c)  The  World Bank                                      (d)  The  Security Council

    Ans. (c)

    51.  A direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal  is  termed as :                                                                                  [2010 (T-1)]

    • Coalition (b) Referendum          (c) Veto                       (d) Election

    Ans. (b)

    52.  Name  of  the  leader  in Myanmar  put  under  house  arrest is :                 [2010 (T-1)]

    • Ban Kimoon (b) Uthan                    (c)  Aung  San Suu Kyi      (d)  Khalida Zia

    Ans. (c)

    53.  Organisation  which  lends  money  to  governments  in  need is :                [2010 (T-1)]

    • NATO (b) IMF                       (c) UNESCO               (d) SAARC

    Ans. (b)

    54.  How  many  permanent  members  of  Security  Council  are  in the UNO?            [2010 (T-1)]

    (a)  5                            (b) 7                            (c) 10                          (d) 15

     

     

    55.  Which one of the following UN Secretary Generals said that  the  US  war  on Iraq  was illegal  ?                                                                                                            [2010 (T-1)]

    • Kofi Annan (b) Boutras Ghali        (c) Homerfield            (d)  None  of these

    Ans. (a)

    56.  Pinochet’s  military  dictatorship  came  to  an  end  in  Chile in :                [2010 (T-1)]

    (a)  1978                      (b) 1988                      (c) 1999                      (d) 2000

    Ans. (b)

    57.  General  Musharraf  brought  back  army  rule  in  Pakistan in :                [2010 (T-1)]

    (a)  1997                      (b) 1998                      (c) 1999                      (d) 2000

    Ans. (c)

    58.  ‘Gold Coast’ was  the  ancient  name  of :                                                     [2010 (T-1)]

    • Poland (b) Chile                     (c) Myanmar               (d) Ghana

    Ans. (d)

    59.  How  many  years  did  Pinochet  rule in Chile?                                            [2010 (T-1)]

    (a)  17                          (b) 20                          (c) 25                          (d) 10

    Ans. (a)

    60.  Which one of the following countries is a permanant member  of  the  Security  Council  ?                                                                                                                          [2010 (T-1)]

    • Germany (b) China                    (c) India                      (d) Pakistan

    Ans. (b)

  • History of Osmania University

    Osmania University, which is kick-starting its centenary celebrations later this month, was actually christened ‘Osmania University of Hyderabad’. The Seventh Nizam, Osman Ali Khan had issued a ‘Farman’ to this effect on April 26, 1917, approving the proposal for the establishment of the university in Hyderabad State with that name. The University is currently under MHRD, which has also given approvals for major Universities such as Ajeenkya D.Y. Patil University, Northcap University, Amity University, etc.

    The proposal to set up the university took a shape after Akbar Hydari, the then Secretary of the Education Department, Nizam government submitted a memorandum highlighting the need for a university in April 1917. While mentioning the advantages of imparting knowledge through a foreign language, he also recommended a new university with a medium of instruction in Urdu, based on the needs and conditions of the State.

    In fact, before the secretary submitted a memorandum, the Hyderabad Educational Conference had in 1914 demanded establishment of a university.With the issuance of the ‘Farman’, the Education Department started work and several committees were set up to draft the curriculum and the information was circulated among educational circles in England and India.

    The Osmania University College was opened in 1919 and was housed in eight large buildings at Gunfoundry and Basheerbagh. The premises, however, did not have scope for expansion of the campus. Syed Ali Raza and Nawab Zain Yar Jung Bahadur who had toured Britain, Europe, Japan, America, Egypt, Syria and Turkey had recommended Monsieur E Jasper of Belgium as the consultant architect.

    The university was built at Adikmet on the land allotted to MahLaqha Bai by Nawab Nizam Ali Khan-II in appreciation of her talent in writing poems. The construction began with the foundation stone of the Arts College being laid on July 5, 1934. The college was opened on December 4, 1939.

    The second phase of the university spans amidst the period of 1948-1968 when in 1968, the university celebrated its “golden jubilee year”. The year 1948 was historic for two reasons. In the first place, the princely state of Hyderabad became a part of newly independent India. Synchronizing with this event, the university cast a lingering backward glance, took the best of the traditions on which it was founded.

    Osmania University is named after its founder, Nawab Osman Ali Khan, the seventh Nizam of Hyderabad, who through a “Forman” on Royal Charter, brought the university into existence in 1919. It is the seventh oldest university in the country and the third oldest in South India. Though the need for a university in Hyderabad was felt by both intelligible and common people for a long time, the initiative came from a civil servant, Sir Akbar Hydari who was the then Home secretariat of Government. Sir Hydari, in a memorandum to the education minister in early 1917. He believed that higher education must have its foundation deep in National consciousness.

    The establishment of Osmania university symbolizes a renaissance in the Indian education system. Throughout its existence of over nine decades and in spite of several vicissitudes, it has shown a remarkable resilience and has grown into one of the major universities in India. It has a vast sprawling campus set in some picturesque and idyllic surroundings. Buildings of great architectural elegance and variety enhance its beauty. Availability of latest facilities makes it a very modern one. OUCET 2018 is the common entrance exam conducted by Osmania University.

    Notable alumni of Osmania university include major politicians of India, including the ninth prime minister of India, P. V. Narsimha Rao and 16th and last chief minister of United Andhra Pradesh with Telangana Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy, Keshavrao Sonaware, the cooperative minister of Maharashtra, current CEO of Adobe System Shantanu Narayan. The present President of American Institute for Medical & Biomedical Engineering, a distinguished biomedical engineer, Ravi. V. Bellankonta. Other alumni include former Indian Cricket Captain Mohammad Azharuddin, renowned cricket commentator Harsha Bhogle, novelist Venkatesh Kulkarni, former governor of Reserve Bank of India, Yoga Venugopal Reddy. These eminent persons glorify the history of the university year after year.

  • The Frog and the Nightingale Summary, Study Materials By Vikram Seth Class 10th English

    THE FROG AND THE  NIGHTINGALE

    By Vikram Seth

    Content’s

  • Long Answer Questions of The Frog and the Nightingale Class 10th.

    1.      The nightingale was foolish and could be exploited.  Explain  in  100-125 words.

    [C.B.S.E.,  2011  (T-1)]

    Ans : The nightingale had a typical temperament of an artist. She was very musical and her melody not only earned her great appreciation but also made some creatures cry. The crowd of her concerts consisted of some with titles  and creatures from far also flocked to listen to her. She quickly became addicted to their praise but lacked acute business sense. She was not practical or worldly wise and got very foolishly trapped by the clever frog. She never realised that he was making money and cheating her. She never saw through his manipulations that he wanted her

    to  overexert.  He  criticised  her  needlessly  and  made her

    lose confidence. So it was the nightingale’s fault to succumb to the clever frog’s tricks. She never realised her own interest and welfare till the end. Her end was inevitable.

    2.      The frog was too boastful and conceited. The nightingale was too modest and unaware of her latent talent. The frog was insensitive to public reaction. The nightingale thrived solely on public adulation. Compare and contrast the singing of the frog with that of the nightingale in the light of  the  above  statements.

    Ans : The frog was conceited and self-centred. He sang loudly,  brashly all through the night, thus disturbing all  the creatures of the Bingle Bog. The frog was rude, arrogant and  too  boastful. The  bog-creatures  were  so  fed  up that

     

    they prayed, resorted to beating  but  nothing could stop his irritating and noisy singing. The frog basically lived and sang to please himself. He was egoistic and self-centred.

    In contrast the nightingale was too sensitive and polite. She was innocent and very gullible. Despite being an excellent singer, she loses confidence because of the frog. So she is an artist who has no confidence in herself and needs others to either boost her morale or break it.  The nightingale was most pleasant and the frog was most irritating  and  unmusical.

    3.      Vikram Seth has used irony and symbols with great dexterity in the poem ‘The Frog and the Nightingale.’  Discuss  by  giving examples.

    Ans : The poet has incorporated a large variety of meanings beneath the emotional storyline. The poem is allegorical in nature for the frog is a symbol of very clever and manipulative people who exploit young artists and abort their careers. The nightingale represents true and innocent artists who are taken for a ride by the people like frog        in the guise of organisers who harm the blooming careers of great ‘geniuses’ in the making. It is ironical that nightingale enchants and pleases everyone, but does not understand her own strength or talent. The poet also highlights the importance of public applause and the importance of blooming careers. It is ironical that many times a good talent is nipped in the bud, like that of the nightingale.

    4.      How did the Frog break the nightingale’s spirit and  destroy  her?  (100  to  125 words)

     

    Ans : The frog wanted to be the undisputed king of Bingle Bog. He sang to his delight and could not stand any kind  of rivalry. Even though he was hated by all but there was no one to compete with. He is extremely passionate about his loud and unmusical voice and has an exaggerated opinion about himself. When the nightingale arrives, she mesmerises everyone with her politeness and musical voice. The frog senses competition. So he forcibly becomes her tutor and mentor and strategically plans, not only to finish her career but also to end her life. He makes her sing         in rough weather, endlessly and advises her to exert more and more. As a result, the nightingale succumbs to pressure and the frog emerges as the king of Bingle Bog again.

    5.      Do you think that ‘The Frog and the Nightingale’ is a humorous poem or a tragic one? Give arguments  to  support  your  answer.

    Ans : The basic storyline of the poem is humorous. The poet has added lot of humorous touches like the pun of words like “owl of Sandwich” etc. The frog’s exaggerated opinion of himself is really funny and the fact that he         is compared to ‘Mozart’, a great musician, is quite hilarious. There are bits of humour here and there but the message and essence of the story is tragic. The poem is a tragic    tale of a great singer whose flourishing and thriving career is ended prematurely. The nightingale is too innocent, too gullible and her succumbing to her death is a masterstroke of great tragedy. Her end arouses sympathy for her and hatred for such conniving cheats who exploit natural talent and  destroy  it  for  their  own  selfish  interests.

  • Short Answer Questions of The Frog and the Nightingale Class 10th.

    1.  How was the frog in the poem, ‘The Frog and the Nightingale’ responsible for the death of the nightingale?

    Ans : The frog was very manipulative and inhuman. He took full advantage of the nightingale’s innocence and vulnerability. He was clever to exploit the nightingale’s weakness for, fame and adoration of the fans. He made her sing in rough weathers, in rain and storm, continuously for hours together. He forced her to pack more energy and sing fast-paced notes. So sheer exertion made the nighingale burst a vein and  die.

    2.  “Artists thrive and flourish due to the admiration of their fans.” Do you think this statement proves true  in  case  of  the  nightingale? Discuss.

    Ans : Yes, the nightingale did get addicted to praise and fan-following. It is natural for any artist to look for fame

     

    and popularity because they not only thrive on it but also derive inspiration to perform better. The nightingale was  no different. She did not enjoy singing when the residents of  the  bog  stopped  coming  to  listen  to  her  concerts.

    3.  Inspite of the frog’s singing the whole night, why did the creatures in the Bingle Bog hate him?

    OR

    How did the Bingle Bog creatures react to frog’s song  and  the  nightingale’s song?

    Ans : The creatures of Bingle Bog were very irritated by the loud, brash singing of the frog. The frog was totally insensitive to their discomfort and no amount of threats, beating could stop the frog. The nightingale’s songs were  a pleasant relief. She was musical, melodious and never disturbed  the  creatures  of  Bingle  Bog  for  no reason.

  • Non-Multiple Choice Questions of The Frog and the Nightingale Class 10th.

    REFERENCE TO CONTEXT – NON-MCQs


    Read the following extracts and answer the following questions.


    (1)    And the whole admiring bog
    Stared towards the sumac, rapt
    And when she had ended, clapped
    Ducks had swum and herons waded
    to her as she serenaded
    (a) What was the reaction of the nightingale’s
    song?
    Ans :    All the residents near the sumac tree clapped,
    praised and felt ecstatic at the nightingale’s song.
    (b) Explain ‘serenaded’ and ‘rapt’.
    Ans :    ‘Serenaded’ means sang beautifully and ‘rapt’
    means totally mesmerised.
    (c) How did the nightingale sing and make
    a difference to the frog’s songs?
    Ans    : She sang very musically and with great
    emotion which was very different from the frog’s loud
    and harsh voice.
    (2) ‘‘Not too bad – but far too long
    The technique was fine of course
    But it lacked a certain force’.’
    (a) Why is the frog making the above
    comments?
    Ans :    The frog wishes to impress the nightingale
    as if he is an expert and get her to train.
    (b) What defects does he point out in the
    nightingale’s songs ?
    Ans :    The frog states that her song lacked energy
    and was too long.
    (c) What was the reaction of the nightingale
    to the above comments ?
    Ans    : The nightingale was impressed as she was
    very vulnerable and innocent.
    (3) Flushed with confidence and fired
    with both art and adoration
    song and was a huge sensation
    … And the frog with great precision
    counted heads and charged admission
    (a) How had nightingale changed after her
    success?
    Ans :    The nightingale became confident and
    enjoyed her success.
    (b) How did the frog make use of this
    situation?
    Ans :    The frog arranged concerts for her and minted
    lot of money.
    (c) What do the above lines reflect about the
    nightingale and the frog’s temperament?
    Ans    : The nightingale was a true artist who thrived
    on the adulation of the crowd. The frog was a shrewd
    businessmen, and was very materialistic.
    (4) For six hours, till she was shivering
    and her voice was hoarse and quivering
    Though subdued and sleep deprived
    In the night her throat revived
    (a) Why had the nightingale come to this
    state?
    Ans :    The nightingale had sung for six hours at
    a stretch, so she was very tired.
    (b) How did she revive?
    Ans :    At night her throat healed after rest.
    (c) What would be the future of this kind of
    exertion?
    Ans    : She would succumb to such pressure and
    exertion and that is what happened.
    (5) “And my dear, lay on more trills
    Audiences enjoy such frills
    You must make your public happier
    Give them something sharper, snappier
    We must aim for better billings.”
    (a) What are the suggestions given by the frog
    for improvement?
    Ans    : The frog wanted more embellishments and
    fast-paced notes from the nightingale.
    (b) Do you believe the frog’s suggestions are
    justified?
    Ans    : No, the frog wanted to tire and exploit the
    nightingale.
    (c) What objective is there for the frog in
    giving the suggestions?
    Ans    : The frog wanted money and be the
    undisputed singer of the bog.
    (6) At a voice so uninspired
    And the ticket office gross
    Crashed and she grew more morose
    For her ears were now addicted
    to applause quite restricted.
    (a) Why did the crowd stop listening to the
    nightingale?

     

  • Multiple Choice Questions of The Frog and the Nightingale Class 10th.

    Read the following and choose the most appropiate option from the ones provided to you.


    1.    Other creatures loathed his voice,
    But, alas, they had no choice,
    And the crass cacophony
    Blared out from the sumac tree
    At whose foot the frog each night
    Minstrelled on till morning light
    (i) Where did this creature live?
    (a)    It lived near the pond
    (b) It lived on the mountain
    (c) It lived under the sumac tree
    (d) It lived in a deep valley
    (ii) Why is his voice referred to as ‘crass
    cacophony?
    (a)    It was boring
    (b) It was unmusical and loud
    (c) It had a weak voice
    (d) It had no control over his voice
    (iii) Why did he sing all night? How did his
    singing affect others?
    (a)    They were indifferent
    (b) They felt cheerful
    (c) They encouraged him all the more
    (d) They were irritated and felt a lot of
    discomfort
    Answer : (i) (c) (ii) (b) (iii) (d)
    2. And a solitary loon
    Wept, beneath the summer morn
    Toads and teals and tiddlers, captured
    By her voice cheered on, enraptured
    ‘Bravo’! “Too divine!” “Encore!”
    So the nightingale once more.
    Quite unused to such applause
    Sang till dawn, without a pause.
    (i) How did the nightingale reciprocate their
    compliments?
    (a)    She was indifferent
    (b) She was afraid of the fog
    (c) She was so happy that she sang till morning
    (d) She went back to her nest
    (ii) How did the solitary loon behave differently
    from others?
    (a)    he went to sleep
    (b) he clapped loudly
    (c) he gave lot of compliments
    (d) he wept
    (iii) Who are ‘toads, teals and tiddlers’?
    (a)    insects
    (b) big animals
    (c) amphibians like ducks and fish
    (d) animals which live in water
    Answer : (i) (c) (ii) (d) (iii) (c)

    3. “Yes” the frog replied. “You see,
    I’m the frog who owns this tree
    In this bog I’ve long been known
    For my splendid baritone
    And, of course, I wield my pen
    For Bog Trumpet now and then.”
    (i) What bits of information does the frog give
    to the listener?
    (a)    he was a leader
    (b) he was a writer and a singer
    (c) he was an agent
    (d) he was a trainer
    (ii) Give two reasons why the frog wants to
    make an impression on the nightingale.
    (a)    It is his nature, he wants to help her
    (b) He wishes to impress and exploit her
    (c) He wants to impress her and other animals
    of the bog
    (d) He is jealous of her popularity and wants
    to exploit her
    (iii) What does the frog’s speech reveal about
    his character?
    (a)    proud and conceited
    (b) a clever fellow
    (c) jealous and a cheat
    (d) appreciative of the nightingale’s talent
    Answer : (i) (b) (ii) (d) (iii) (c)
    4. “You’ll remain a mere beginner
    But with me you’ll be winner.”
    “Dearest frog,” the nightingale
    Breathed: “This is a fairy tale
    And you’re Mozart in disguise
    Come to earth before my eyes”
    “Well, I charge a modest fee”
    “Oh!” “But it won’t hurt, you’ll see.”
    (i) How does the frog plan to make the
    nightingale a winner?
    (a)    by projecting her as a good singer
    (b) by training her
    (c) by publicity
    (d) by charging tickets
    (ii) Who was Mozart?
    (a)    a famous artist
    (b) a famous composer of music
    (c) writer of ‘Bog Trumpet’
    (d) owner of tree
    (iii) Which character-trait of the frog is
    evident here?
    (a)    clever (b) deceitful
    (c) shy (d) humble
    Answer : (i) (b) (ii) (b) (iii) (b)
    5. “And my dear, lay on more trills
    Audiences enjoy such frills
    You must make your public happier
    Give them something sharper, snappier.
    You must aim for better billings Y
    ou still owe me sixty shillings.”
    [C.B.S.E. 2011 (T-1)]
    (i) What is the speaker’s advice to the listener?
    (a)    to sing loudly
    (b) to add repetitive quick-paced notes
    (c) to be more musical
    (d) to sing during storm
    (ii) Explain ‘better billings.’

    (a) better notes (b) better music
    (c) more money (d) more training

    (iii) Why does the listener owe sixty shillings to
    the speaker?
    (a)    for encouragement
    (b) for guidance and training
    (c) for appreciation
    (d) for promoting her in the bog
    Answer : (i) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (b)
    6. “Use your wits and follow fashion.
    Puff your lungs out with your passion.”
    Trembling, terrified to fail,
    Blind with tears, the nightingale
    heard him out in silence, tried,
    Puffed up, burst a vein and died.
    (i) The speaker appears to be angry. What is
    the reason for his anger?
    (a)    Nightingale is too tired
    (b) No one likes her singing
    (c) Income from the concert has fallen sharply
    (d) It is his nature
    (ii) Why is she terrified?
    (a)    She is afraid of failure
    (b) She is afraid of the frog’s scolding
    (c) She has become weak physically
    (d) She cannot sing during rainy weather
    (iii) What caused the death of the nightingale?
    (a)    She was unhappy
    (b) Her throat got choked

    (c) A vein burst by too much exhaustion
    (d) She had high fever.
    Answer : (i) (c) (ii) (a) (iii) (c)
    7. ‘Did you…. did you like my song’?
    “Not too bad-but far too long.
    The technique was fine, of course,
    But it lacked a certain force”.
    [C.B.S.E. 2011 (T-1)]
    (i) ‘You’ in the above lines refers to
    (a)    the nightingale
    (b) Mozart
    (c) the frog
    (d) the poet
    (ii) The opinion expressed about the song
    (a)    carries a lot of weight
    (b) is meant to discourage the singer
    (c) is meant to wholeheartedly support the
    singer
    (d) is quite genuine
    (iii) The first line reveals that the speaker
    (a)    is feeling nervous
    (b) is quite sure about her singing talent
    (c) has readily believed the listener
    (d) she is feeling confident about herself
    Answer : (i) (a) (ii) (b) (iii) (a)
    8. “For six hours, till she was shivering
    and her voice was hoarse and quivering.
    Though subdued and sleep deprived,
    In the night her throat revived,
    And the sumac tree was bowed
    With a breathless, titled crowd.”
    [C.B.S.E. 2011 (T-1)]
    (i) The Sumac tree was bowed because
    (a)    the roots of the tree were not stronger
    (b) due to the overweight of the creatures who
    came to listen to the song of the nightingle
    (c) due to the respect and admiration for the
    nightingale’s song the tree itself bowed
    (d) both (ii) and (iii)
    (ii) In the line “with a breathless, titled crowd”-
    titled crowd constitutes
    (a)    all the wild animals in the forest
    (b) all the water birds in the forest
    (c) specific birds like Owl, Duck, Mallard,
    Milady Trent, Martin, and coot.
    (d) Sandwich, Kent Cardinal Mephisto, Monte
    Cristo.
    (iii) “hoarse and quivering” means :
    (a)    rough, unclear and shaking and trembling
    (b) soft and clear and quiet and energetic
    (c) sweet and melodious and jumping and
    twisting
    (d) cold and pale and fearful and fierce.
    Answer : (i) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (a)
    9. “You must make your public happier:
    Give them something sharper snappier
    We must aim for better billings
    You still owe me sixty shillings.”
    [C.B.S.E. 2011 (T-1)]
    (i) Who says these words?
    (a)    the frog
    (b) the titled crowd
    (c) the ladies with tiaras
    (d) the nightingale
    (ii) The speaker asks for sixty shillings
    (a)    for training the nightingale
    (b) for singing to the creatures of the bog
    (c) for making the public happy
    (d) for killing the nightingale
    (iii) The rhyme scheme of these lines is
    (a)    abad (b) abcd
    (c) abba (d) aabb
    Answer : (i) (a) (ii) (a) (iii) (d)
    10. “Next night when the Nightingale
    Shook her head and twitched her tail,
    Closed an eye and fluffed a wing
    And had cleared her throat to sing
    She was startled by a croak.”
    [C.B.S.E. 2011 (T-1)]
    (i) The nightingale was eager to sing because of
    (a)    the frog
    (b) the titled crowd
    (c) the ladies with tiaras
    (d) the money
    (ii) The speaker asks for sixty shillings
    (a)    for training the nightingale
    (b) for singing to the creatures of the bog
    (c) for making the public happy
    (d) for killing the nightingale
    (iii) The rhyme scheme of these lines is
    (a)    abad (b) abcd
    (c) abba (d) aabb
    Answer : (i) (a) (ii) (a) (iii) (d)

     

  • Important Questions of The Frog and the Nightingale Class 10th.

    SOME IMPORTANT  QUESTIONS

    1.  Why does the frog persist in singing though no one  in  the  bog  wishes  to  hear him?

     

    Ans. The frog is too conceited and has an exaggerated opinion of himself as a singer. He thinks that his voice is a ‘splendid baritone’. He wishes to remain the unrivalled singer of the bog. The frog is loud and most unmusical. All the creatures of the bog tried all the tricks

    to drive him away. But the frog is too thick-skinned and continues to sing his ‘crass cacophony’ from the sumac tree. The frog was so passionate about his singing that he would sing incessantly from evening till morning light. This was his way of expressing his heart-felt joy, he claimed. The frog is a hypocrite, who only lives for himself. He is least concerned for the discomfort he is causing to others.

    2.  Do you think the nightingale was responsible for her  own  exploitation?  Why/Why not?

    [C.B.S.E.  2012  (T-2)]

    Ans. The nightingale is a singing ‘genius’ but she is not worldly-wise. Her serenade in the bingle bog leaves the creatures mesmerised but she does not have the foresight  or the cleverness to cash upon her asset. She knows that she is a great sensation for the bog music lovers but gets exploited by the manipulative frog. The frog makes her practise again and again, exhausts her and she loses her  star status. The nightingale is too vulnerable and becomes susceptible to fan following. She is a poor judge of psychology and does not see through the frog’s clever plans. So she ends up paying with her life. Her end is a great tragedy, a sad culmination of an unfulfilled artist,  who dies prematurely.

    3.  What does the poet wish to convey in the poem ‘The  Frog  and  the Nightingale’?

    Ans. This is an allegorical poem by Vikram Seth and reveals a deeper meaning beneath the emotional story line. The  frog  is  a  living  symbol  of  cunning  and  conniving people, while the nightingale represents innocence and vulnerability to the extreme. Artists like the frog are shams without substance and thrive on the misfortune of others. They are loathed, hated and have little worth themselves, so they derive sadistic pleasure in tormenting and exploiting others. Naturally talented singers are sometimes not worldly-wise, so they fall prey to scheming ‘touts’.

    The poet ridicules such music organisers who mint money by cheating and exploiting others. There is a hint of satire evident, when the poet talks about money making people, who make false promises and destroy natural talent.

    The poet also highlights the significance of public adulation in the life of an artist like the nightingale. She is innocent to praise and admiration but gradually, she also becomes addicted to it. So it can be said that even modest artists wish to perform before power-packed audience and the jingle of cash-counters gives   them an emotional  high.

    The poet concludes that success is a game like tug- of-war, in which the clever survive and the innocent and vulnerable succumb to bitter   defeat.