Blog

  • Hindi Summary of The Brook Poetry Class 9th.

    The Brook summary in hindi

    सारांश

    ‘द ब्रुक’ नामक कविता उत्तम पुरुष शैली में लिखी गई है और एक आत्मकथा वेफ रूप में प्रभावित करती है। यह कविता एक यात्रा की तरह बढ़ती है और भिन्न-भिन्न पड़ावों, अनेक प्रकार वेफ उतार-चढ़ाव, और अनेक गतिविध्यिों से गुशरती है।

    जलधरा की यात्रा पर्वतों से प्रारम्भ होती है जहाँ बगुला और ‘वूफट्स’ जैसी चिडि़याँ वास करती हैं और वह एक भरी-पूरी नदी में जाकर समाप्त होती है। मार्ग में जलधरा अनेक पहाडि़यों, गाँवों, शहरों, पुलों से गुशरती है। कभी जलधरा बड़ी शक्तिशाली गति से बहती है और कभी अत्यन्त ध्ीमी गति से। वह कभी पफसलों से भरे खेतों वेफ किनारों को काटती हुई चलती है। जलधरा में अनेक प्रकार की मछलियाँ तैरती हैं, वह पूफलों, पेड़ों और जंगली पौधें का घर है। जलधरा प्रेमियों वेफ मिलने का स्थान भी है और छोटी-छोटी चिडि़याँ भी उसकी धरा पर तैरती हैं। उसकी तेशी से बहती हुई धरा पर सूर्य की किरणें नृत्य करती हैं

    यह छोटी जलधरा अपनी यात्रा में पिफसलते, खिसकते, सरकते, नाचते, रुकते और किनारों से बाहर निकलते हुए आगे बढ़ती जाती है। चाँदनी और सितारों की रोशनी में वह बुदबुदाने लगती है। अपनी यात्रा में जलधरा अनेक अड़चनों, अवरोधें को पार करती हुई अन्त में अपने निर्धरित स्थान पर पहुँच जाती है। झरने की यात्रा मानव जीवन यात्रा वेफ समान है। कवि जलधरा और मानव जीवन की तुलना करते हुए अपनी यह विचारधरा सबवेफ सामने लाना चाहता है कि जलधरा निरंतर चलती रहती है, वह अनंत है परन्तु मानव जीवन अस्थायी है, अल्प या वुफछ समय वेफ ही लिए है। कवि चाहते हैं कि जिस तरह सारे उतार-चढ़ाव का जलधरा पर कोई प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता, उसकी यात्रा में बाध नहीं आती, उसी तरह मानव भी इससे शिक्षा ले और बाधाओं और दुखों से प्रभावित न हो और निरंतर कर्म करता रहे।

    Hindi Summary of The Brook Poetry Class 9th.

    Content’s

  • Summary of The Brook Poetry Class 9th

    Summary

    The poem ‘The Brook’ is written in the first person, so it strikes an autobiographical note. It proceeds like a journey, which has different stages, various ups, and downs, showing different kinds of movement.
    The Brook begins its journey from somewhere in the mountains, which are home to birds like ‘coots’ and ‘heron’ and ends it by joining the ‘brimming river’. On its way, it passes through many hills, ridges, towns, villages, bridges. The brook’s movement is sometimes forceful and strong, sometimes leisurely. It makes its way by eroding the banks, through cultivated, uncultivated lands and forelands. The Brook is also the habitat of many kinds of fish and is full of willows, mallows, and flowers. It also provides a meeting point for lovers and surface to swallows to skim. Its rushing water serves as a background for the dance of the rays of the sun.
    The brook proceeds on its journey slipping, sliding, gliding, dancing, lingering, gushing. The moon, the stars make it murmur. On its way, it overcomes many hurdles and obstacles but reaches its final destination in the end.
    The journey of the brook becomes parallel to the journey of human life. The poet makes a reflective comment which highlights the continuity and eternal existence of the brook to the transitory nature of human life. The poet wishes to point out that just as ups and downs do not deter the brook from its journey, similarly, human beings should also take the hurdles and sorrows in their stride

    Content’s

  • Long Answer Questions of Best Seller Class 9th.

    1. Pescud is short and not the stuff heroes are made of. Yet he wins Jessie. What do you think were the main reasons that went in his favor?

    CBSE 2011 (Term II)]

    Ans. Pescud was short and ordinary looking, and not the stuff heroes are made of. But the fact is that it was not his physical appearance that had impressed Jessie. She had liked his honesty and the space he had given her and Colonel Allyn to just give him one chance. He had said. “If I couldn’t make a hit with the little lady, I’d clear out, and not bother any more.” More than his physical looks, it was his personality which had been in his favor. Like a perfect salesman, he had been successful in impressing the Colonel. He had understood that the Colonel could be easily flattered if he listened to his stories, anecdotes, and humorous occurrences. All these things went in his favour and he was able to win Jessic.

    2. Give a short sketch of Colonel Allyn.

    Ans. Colonel Allyn was a tall old man, with a smooth face and white hair, and looked as proud as Julius Caeser. Although he wore shabby clothes, his personality was such that the writer feels that in his presence, the place seemed to light up. On the one hand, he seemed to be very strict but talking to Pescud surprisingly, he (Colonel) took a great liking to him. He was very fond of telling stories to or listening to them. This is evident from the following statement made by him — “The relating of anecdotes and humorous occurrences has always seemed to me, Mr. Pescud, to be a particularly agreeable way of promoting and perpetuating amenities between friends.” Thus he can be said to be a friendly person with a strict and proud look.

    3. Pescud appeared unassuming and none of his friends could ever associate him with any act of adventure. The writer could not get over Pescud’s story. He writes a letter to a common friend, James also invested in real estate. Cameroon, marveling at the “surprise packet” – called Pescud. Write this letter for him.

    Ans.

    Dear James

    I have been busy with my business so I could not write. But there is something interesting I want to share with you. Do you remember we had a friend, John A. Pescud? Last summer while I was traveling to Pittsburgh for some business work, I happened to meet him on the train. He is working as a salesman for a plate-glass company, and I met him after a gap of two years. Do you remember how ordinary-looking he used to be? Not only that, he used to be so dull and unadventurous. During my acquaintance with him earlier, I had never known his views on life, romance, literature, and ethics. During our meetings earlier, we used to just discuss matters of local topics and then part.

    This time when I talked to him, I found him to be such a surprise packet. I was shocked to hear from him about his ‘Adventurous’. proposal to a girl, his courageous encounter with her father, and ultimately his marriage to her which took place a year ago. And do you know who is the girl is whom he has married? She belongs to a royal family and her father is a lineal descendant of belted earls. There is so much difference in their status —she is a princess whereas Pescud is just an ordinary American! Isn’t it amazing that a person like him who is no hero, turned out to be such a ‘surprise packet’? I’ll tell you more about him when we meet.

    How is everybody else at your home? Do reply soon.

    Yours

    O. Henry

    4. As Jessie write a letter to a friend on how you met Pescud and why you decided to marry him. (about 125 words) [CBSE 2011 (Term II)]

    Dear friend, Sumedha

    I am going to tell you about my chance meeting with Pescud.

    While I was returning from Illinois, where I had gone to see my aunt, I noticed a man who followed me on each station that I got down at — whether it was Cincinnati or Shelbyville, Frankford or Lexington, and lastly Virginia — my city. He didn’t know that I had noticed him. After three days, while I was walking in the front yard, down next to the paling fence, he came to me and asked about some Mr. Hinkle’s address. I knew he did it just to start a conversation with me. I could instantly sense the feeling of deep affection he had for me. When I told him that he had come quite a long distance from Pittsburg, he said that he could have gone a thousand miles farther. Then he honestly told me about his liking for me and without imposing himself on me, he told me that he wanted me to develop a liking for him. I am amazed at his grit and perseverance, and the kind of attention he gave me. Nobody has ever talked to me like that. I am quite impressed by his earnestness and the honesty with which he told my father about his background and the business
    he was pushing. I have really developed a liking for him and have decided to marry him. I am sure that you will also appreciate my choice after you meet him. Rest in the next letter.

    Your friend

    Jessie

    5. Discuss the significance of the title, ‘Bestseller’. What role does this play in the life of John Pescud?

    Bestsellers are known to spin imaginative yarns bordering on fantasy and melodrama. The story revolves around the incrediable romance between a beautiful maiden from the most affluent royal family and a hero who is ordinary in terms of looks and family background but extraordinary in terms of his bravery and determination to win the lady. He has a heart to ‘do and dare’. Pescud’s story is no different. He sees him on a train. It is love at first sight. He follows her from Cincinnati to Louisville, forgetting the fact that he was on a business tour. When he comes to know that Jessie hailed from a royal family, like a bestseller hero, he is not disheartened. He proposes and wins the lady despite the gulf of differences in their family backgrounds. Pescud’s story has all the elements of a best seller—remance, struggle, obstacles, suspense and finally the victory.

    Content’s

  • Short Answer Questions of Best Seller Class 9th.

    Answer the following briefly.

    1. “This fellow chases the royal chair-warmer home as I said, and finds out who she is”

    (i) Who is the ‘fellow’? Who is the ‘royal chair-warmer’?

    (ii) Discuss the context of the above remark.

    Ans. (i) The ‘fellow’ refers to the hero of the

    Bestseller. He is an American who belongs to the upper class and is fashionably dressed.

    The ‘royal chair-warmer’ refers to the royal princess from Europe with whom he has fallen in love and so chases her to find out who she is.

    (ii) The above remark is made in the context of the Bestseller which was thrown on the floor of the chair-car by John A. Pescud. The narrator who was also sitting in the same chair-car recognized Pescud and they had a conversation on issues like life, romance, literature, and ethics. During that conversation only, Pescud talks to the narrator about the story of the bestseller he had thrown on the floor. The above-mentioned remark is made by him for the hero of the novel and the royal princess whom he had chased to marry her.
    2.“You don’t see or hear of any such capers in real life”
    (i) Who is the speaker and who is the listener?

    (ii) What is the purpose of the above comparison?
    Ans. (i) The speaker is John A. Pescud and the listener is the Narrator.

    (ii) The purpose of the above comparison by Pescud is to draw the attention of the narrator to his own (Pescud’s) real-life story. By speaking so negatively about the romance in the Bestseller between an American and the royal princess from Europe, Pescud is successful in having the narrator ask him if he had met his ‘affinity’. Perhaps, ordinarily, he would not have been able to tell the narrator (or anybody else) that his romance was also of a very ‘special’ kind – something different from the normal course. He had a broad grin on his face when he got the chance to tell the narrator about his romantic story. So, his purpose of making the above comparison was fulfilled.

    3. Pescud was obsessed with his plate-glass business but he let this business go to smash for a while. Why?

    Ans. Once when Pescud was going to Cincinnati, he happened to see in his chair car a girl who he felt was the finest looking girl he had ever laid his eyes on. He was so impressed by her beauty that he started thinking of marrying her. At that moment, he forgot completely about his plate-glass business, of which he used to be so obsessed, and let it go to smash for a while. All the places
    that she went to — from Cincinnati to Louisville, to Shelbyville, Frankford and Lexington — he followed her. He got down on the train at the last station that she got down at, ie., Virginia, but throughout he tried to keep himself out of her sight. After meeting her father and making a few more efforts, he was able to marry the girl. All this while, the thought of his plate-glass business did not even occur once to his mind.

    4. How did Jessie know that Pescud was following her?

    Ans. During their conversation, when Jessie came to know that Pescud was from Pittsburg, she told him that he was quite far from his home. At this, Pescud replied that he could easily go a thousand miles farther. Jessie then said, “Not if you hadn’t woken up when the train started in Shelbyville”, and then she started blushing. Later, she also reminded him that he was about to miss his train at Powhatan Junction also. This shows that she knew very well that Pescud was following her. When Pescud asked her how she knew that, she replied that she knew that he was present on every train which she was traveling in.

    5. “I thought you were going to speak to me and I am glad you didn’t.” Why does Jessie say so?

    Ans. Jessie says she is glad that he didn’t talk to her on the train because she knows that she would not have taken any interest in talking to him there. Perhaps if Pescud had expressed his liking for her in the train, she would have rejected him. It seems that now when Pescud is talking to her, after having made all the efforts to be near her, she has also started developing some sort of liking for him. Moreover, now she is also in a position to clearly show the status that her family has, and let Pescud decide upon his next step.

    6. Give two reasons to show that Jessie was very proud of her family.

    Ans. While talking to Pescud and telling him about her family, she referred to her family as ‘The Allyns’. She also said that hers was a proud family and that her father was a lineal descendant of ‘belted earls’ — those who were invested with a sword by the king himself. She gave the amazing details of the big mansion that the Allyn family had lived in for the last hundred years. All these things show that she was proud of her family.

    7. Point out the significance of the last statement of the writer, “And may you get the petunias for your princess.”

    Ans. The writer and Pescud had started their discussion in the beginning on the bestseller, “The Rose Lady and Trevelyan”. Pescud had apparently projected that he was a critic of such marriages where the status of the

    boy and girl were wide apart. Gradually when Pescud told his own story, it was no different from the story of the bestseller. So when Pescud gets down at Coketown to get Petunias for his wife, the writer speaks out this statement with an element of sarcasm, meaning that Pescud himself had married a princess, while he was condemning the marriage between Trevelyan and the princess.

    8. What was John Pescud’s opinion about bestsellers? Why ? [CBSE 2011 (Term II)]

    Once, while traveling in a train, the writer chanced to meet Pescud, an old associate, who was reading a best seller ‘Rose Lady and Trevelyan’. Pointing towards the book Pescud said that the novel revolved round the romance of an American Hero with a Royal Princess from Europe. He believed that such type of romances only

    happened in novels because in real life any sensible person will pick out a girl from the same kind of status and family. He criticizes and mocks the stories of best sellers calling them melodramatic and unrealistic.

    9. In the lesson ‘Bestseller’ what did Pescud inform the speaker about his prosperity?

    [CBSE 2011 (Term II)]

    While traveling in a train, the writer met with an old friend John A Pescud who was a travelling salesman for a plate-glass company. During the conversation Pescud told the writer that he was quite satisfied with his work. He told that he was doing well and believed that plate-glass was the most important business in the world. He informed the writer that professionally he was prospering and he had also invested in real estate.

    Content’s

  • Non-Multiple Choice Questions of Best Seller Class 9th.

    Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

    1. “The next morning at eleven sharp, I rang the doorbell of that World’s Fair main building.”

    (a) Who had Pescud come to meet ?

    Ans. Pescud had come to meet Jessie’s father.

    (b) What was the purpose of his visit ?

    Ans. He had come there to talk to Jessie’s father and to disclose his liking for her.

    (c) Why was he surprised to see the inside of the big building ?

    Ans. He was surprised because the inside of the building was impoverished and had very old furniture.

    2. “For about nine seconds, he had me rattled, and I came mighty near getting cold feet and trying to sell him some plate-glass. ”

    (a) The speaker is talking about

    Ans. He is talking about his meeting with Colonel Allyn, Jessie’s father.
    (b) What does the word ‘rattle’ mean here ?

    Ans. It means shaking vigorously, confused and nervous.

    (c) What did the speaker do after these ‘nine seconds’ ?

    Ans. After these nine seconds, he got over his nervousness, gained confidence and talked about his liking for Jessie.

    3. “Good-luck to you, Trevelyan, ” “And may you get the petunias for your princess!” [CBSE 2011 (Term II)]

    (a) By whom have these words been spoken ?

    Ans. These words have been spoken by the narrator to Pescud.

    (b) ‘Trevelyan’ was the hero of_________.

    Ans. Trevelyan was the hero of the best seller ‘The Rose Lady and Trevelyan’.

    (c) Who is the ‘princess’ mentioned here ?

    Ans. Princess here refers to Jessie, Pescud’s wife.

    Content’s

  • Multiple Choice Questions of Best Seller Class 9th.

    MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

    Read the extracts and answer the questions that follow by choosing the option you consider the most appropriate.

    1. “Say, ” said Pescud, stirring his discarded book with the hand, “did you ever read one of these bestsellers?

    (a) Who is Pescud talking to?

    (i) Ladies in the chair-car

    (ii) The narrator

    (iii) The Colonel (iv) Jessie

    (b) What is the bestseller about?

    (i) College students (ii) Business trips

    (iii) A romantic story (iv) A ghostly story

    (c) The name of the bestseller is

    (i) Trevelyan and the Rose Lady

    (ii) The Rose Lady and Trevelyan

    (iii) Trevelyan (iv) The Rose Lady

    Ans : (a) (ii) (b) (iii) (c) (ii)
    2. “Oh, I’m on the line of General Prosperity”.

    (a) Who is ‘I’ referred to here?

    (i) The narrator (ii) Jessie

    (iii) Pescud (iv) The colonel

    (b) ‘General Prosperity ’ here relates to

    (i) Hike in salary, shares and property

    (ii) Good health

    (iii) Happy married life

    (iv) Excellence in education

    (c) What does the person with whom ‘I’ is talking asks him next?

    (i) “Met your affinity yet?”

    (ii) “Getting along all right with the Company?”

    (iii) “Oh, I didn’t tell you about that, did I?”

    (iv) Would I aspire?

    Anns : (a) (iii) (b) (i) (c) (i)

    Content’s

  • Textbook Question of Best Seller Class 9th.

    Page No: 51
    3. Based on your reading of the story, answer the following questions by choosing the correct option.
    (a) The narrator says that John was “______ of the suff that heroes are not often lucky enough to be made of.” His tone is sarcastic because __________.
    (i) he hated John
    (ii) he felt that John was a threat to him
    (iii) John was not particularly good-looking
    (iv) nobody liked John
    Answer
    (iii) John was not particularly good-looking
    (b) Pescud felt that best-sellers were not realistic as____________.
    (i) American farmers had nothing in common with European princesses
    (ii) men generally married girls from a similar background
    (iii) American men married girls who studied in America
    (iv) American men did not know fencing and were beaten by the Swiss guards
    Answer
    (ii) men generally married girls from a similar background
    (c) “Bully”, said Pescud brightening at once. He means to say that ____________.
    (i) he is a bully
    (ii) his manager was a bully
    (iii) he was being bullied by his co-workers
    (iv) he was doing very well at his job
    Answer
    (iv) he was doing very well at his job
    Page No: 52
    (d) The narrator says that life has no geographical bounds implying that __________.
    (i) human beings are essentially the same everywhere
    (ii) boundaries exist only on maps
    (iii) one should work towards the good of mankind
    (iv) he was happy to travel to other countries
    Answer
    (i) human beings are essentially the same everywhere
    4. Answer the following questions briefly.
    (a) One day last summer the author was travelling to Pittsburg by chair car. What does he say about his co-passengers?
    Answer
    The compartment was full of affluent people, men and women, sitting in their chair-cars. Women were fashionably dressed in brown silk dresses with laces and veils. Men appeared to be travelling on account of
    business.
     
    (b) Who was the passenger of chair No.9? What did he suddenly do?
    Answer
    The passenger of Chair No. 9 was a man from Pittsburgh named John, an old friend of writer.
    He suddenly threw his book between his chair and window. The name of book was the ‘The Rose Lady and Trevelyan’, one of the bestselling novels of the present day.
    (c) What was John A. Pescud’s opinion about best sellers? Why?
    Answer
    Pescud believed that the stories about best-sellers were not realistic. The themes revolved around
    romances between royals and commoners, fencing, imaginative encounters and all the stuff that never happens in real life. In real life, one would always select a prospective bride from a similar background.
    (d) What does John say about himself since his last meeting with the author?
    Answer
    John, since his last meeting with the author was on the line of general prosperity. He had his salary doubled twice and had bought “a neat slice of real estate.” His company was to sell him some shares of stock the coming year. Much settled in life, he had even taken some time off to experience some romance of which he tells the author next.
    (e) How did John’s first meeting with Jessie’s father go? What did the author tell him?
    Answer
    John’s first meeting with Jessie’s father was successful, since it set the tone for a possible alliance in
    future. John not only made his proposal, stated his intentions in clear terms, but also made Jessie’s father
    laugh with his anecdotes and stories.

    (f) Why did John get off at Coketown?

    Answer

    Jessie had fancied some petunias in one of the windows and she wanted to plant them in her new house. So Pescud thought of dropping at Coketown to dig or get some cuttings of flowers for her.

    (g) John is a hypocrite. Do you agree with this statement? Substantiate your answer.

    Answer

    Yes, I believe that John is a hypocrite. The word hypocrite means the person tries to shows what he is not. John is such type of man. He said that he did not believe in the romance portrayed in best sellers. He believed the stories too good to be true. However, his own story was fantastical. His wife, the only daughter of the oldest family in Virginia, met him, an ordinary travel salesman of a plate glass company, in a journey where he would have least expected to find his life partner. Their courtship also was too fantastical, and even after all the episode, the fashion in which Pescud criticised love stories of best sellers proves him to be a hypocrite.

    (h) Describe John A. Pescud with reference to the following points:
    Physical appearance ………………………………………………………………………………..
    His philosophy on behaviour …………………………………………………………………….
    His profession …………………………………………………………………………………………
    His first impression of his wife …………………………………………………………………
    His success …………………………………………………………………………………………….
    Answer
    Physical appearance: John was not particularly good looking
    His philosophy on behaviour: A man should be decent and law abiding in her/his hometown
    His profession: A travelling salesman for a plate glass company
    His first impression of his wife: A very fine girl, whose job was to make this world prettier just by residing in it
    His success: Much successful John had had his salary raised twice in the previous year and his company was to give him a few shares as well.
    5. Complete the flow chart in the correct sequence as it happens in the story.
    Hint: it begins from the time John Pescud first saw Jessie till the time they marry.
    (1)
    Jessie takes a sleeper to Louisville.
    (2)
    Pescud sees a girl (Jessie) reading a book in the train.
    (3)
    Pescud speaks to the girl (Jessie) for the first time.
    (4)
    Pescud follows her but finds it difficult to keep up.
    (5)
    Pescud goes to the village to find out about the mansion.
    (6)
    Jessie arrives at Virginia.
    (7)
    Pescud meets Jessie’s father.
    (8)
    They get married a year later.
    (9)
    Pescud instantly gets attracted to the girl (Jessie)
    (10)
    Jessie informs Pescud that her father would not approve of them meeting.
    (11)
    They meet alone two days later.
    Answer
    (2)
    Pescud sees a girl (Jessie) reading a book in the train.
    (9)
    Pescud instantly gets attracted to the girl (Jessie)
    (1)
    Jessie takes a sleeper to Louisville.
    (4)
    Pescud follows her but finds it difficult to keep up.
    (6)
    Jessie arrives at Virginia.
    (5)
    Pescud goes to the village to find out about the mansion
    (3)
    Pescud speaks to the girl (Jessie) for the first time.
    (10)
    Jessie informs Pescud that her father would not approve of them meeting.
    (7)
    Pescud meets Jessie’s father.
    (11)
    They meet alone two days later
    (8)
    They get married a year later.

    Page No: 53

    6. Irony refers to the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of their literal meaning. Working in pairs, bring out the irony in the following:

    (a) The title of the story, “The Best seller”.

    Answer

    The Best Seller is supposed to be most popular and likeable. But John Pescud throws the best seller “The Rose Lady and Trevelyan” to the floor of the chair car. He later says that all bestsellers have the same unrealistic romantic stories.

    (b) Pescud’s claim, “When people in real life marry, they generally hunt up somebody in their own station. A fellow usually picks out a girl who went to the same high-school and belonged to the same singing-society that he did.”

    Answer

    Pescud told the author that unlike the stories of the bestsellers, in real life people marry somebody in their own place. Someone who has been educated in a similar type of school and has grown up in a similar background. Yet the irony behind his claim is seen in his own life history. The moment he saw the unknown girl on the train, he fell in love with her, without much knowledge about her. He followed her to her destination and even after finding out that she lived in Elmcroft, Virginia, in a 50 room mansion, belonged to the oldest family in the state and her father was a descendent of the belted Earls he did not give up his pursuit. In spite of coming from totally different walks of life-he being an ordinary travelling salesman, their paths met and he went on to marry her.
    (c) The name Trevelyan.
    Answer 
    Trevelyan is the hero of the bestseller novel “The Rose Lady and Trevelyan.” Pescud condemns such best sellers and makes fun of its unrealistic characters. But at the end of the story, the author calls Pescud a Trevelyan because he had behaved almost like the hero of the bestseller.
  • Word Meanings of Best Seller Class 9th.

    Word-Meaning
    • Veil – a thin material worn to hide the face • Tepidest – less enthusiastic • Law abiding – obeying the law • Alias – false name • Consistent – compatible • Clamdiggers – people who hunt for edible shellfish
    • Aristocracy – people of high social class • Jibe – to taunt • Capers – light-hearted or dishonest activity • Affinity – relationship • Ostensible – appearing to be true • Lineal – hereditary • Slag – waste separated from a metal by heating it • Torrents – violent rushing streams • Rills – small streams • Wand – long, thin rod used especially for performing magic or tricks.

    Content’s